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Home Continual Assessment Harvard Referencing

Harvard Referencing


The following information was taken from the following Web Site :- School for Education, Study Skills

Reference lists

All references used in the main body of assignment need including in the reference list. This is arranged in alphabetical order by author surname. Books, journals and other media are all included in the same list, do not start separate lists for books and journals, it will confuse your reader.

Books

Books are listed by author, date, title, place of publication, publisher:
Lave, J. (1988) Cognition in Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
The title of the book is either underlined or placed in italics, whichever style you use you should stick to it for all references. When the books has more than one author then list them in order they appear on the book, if it has more than 3 then the abbreviation et. al. (and others) can be used. If an author has published more than book or journal in a year then mark each one with an a,b,c etc. after the date. For example (Brittas 1989a). Make sure the reference in the body of the text corresponds to the one in the reference list at the end of your work.

Journals

Journals are listed by author, date, title of article, title of journal, part number, page numbers (beginning of article - end of article
Somekh, B. and Davies, R. (1991) 'Towards a pedagogy for information technology', The Curriculum Journal, 2, 2 153-70.
The title of the journal is underlined or italicised because someone searching for the article in a library will first need to find the journal. The page numbers help to locate the article quickly.

Quotes

When you need to quote from a chapter in an edited book you need to follow this form. In your main text you quote the author of the chapter (not the editor/s of the book) and the date of the book. In the reference list you quote the author and date of the chapter first, and follow it with a reference to the book. In the following example, the chapter by Schlegoff has been quoted, so (Schlegoff, 1972) or a variant would appear in the main text, followed by this in the reference section.

Schlegoff, E. (1972) Notes on a conversational practice: Formulating place. In D. Sudnow (Ed.) Studies in Social Interaction (pp. 75-119). New York: Free Press.

Note the use of page numbers to identify the chapter - as in journal citation.

Electronic Information

The key to referencing a CD-ROM or website is similar to a book or journal - you need to know the author, date and title. For web pages you must include the full address of the page, not just the address of the site. This can be copied from the address bar which normally appears at the top of the browser.

Pearson, M. (1999) Online study skills guide, http:\\www.hud.ac.uk\schools\skills \referen.htm, Date accessed 16/9/99.
An extra date, the date you accessed the page is included at the end of the reference, because webpages, unlike books, can be modified and even disappear entirely. To reference material on a CD-ROM use this format:
Lewis, R. (1997) A Guide to Icelandic Literature, CD-ROM, London: Placebo Publishers.

If you cannot find the date of a web page then mark it as "date unknown". If you cannot find a named author of an electronic source then either use the organisation in place of the author (e.g. BBC) or mark it as "author unknown". If you need advice on using the WWW and Internet as a research tool then click this link.

For more information about using the Harvard referencing system ask the librarian for an information sheet which contains many examples from different resources.

The golden rule is be consistent, make sure the full set of information is listed in your reference list and that you stick to the same format for each entry.

 

 
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